Know what I'm fascinated by today? Special Relativity
When I was younger, I owned a set of scientific encyclopedias. It was a short set of encyclopedias that covered topics ranging from lasers and holograms, to relativity. Of course, those are just the three sections I was most fascinated with and read through several times at the time. So, I have some background knowledge on special relativity. I've been reading up more on it in wikipedia, when I should be working, and I feel like sharing it with you all. Some of you know of it, some of you probably don't, but it's doubtful too many here truly know what or why. Some of it's counterintuitive and that makes it difficult to wrap your head around at times. In fact, despite my interest in it, I won't be surprised if a few of the concepts I think I know, or at least think I'm familiar with, are wrong. And even if what I know isn't mistaken, there's no surety that I'll be presenting it accurately. But, here goes.
First off, I'd like to go over why special relativity is so difficult and counterintuitive. Einstein's Special Relativity takes the notion that observed motion is relative to the observers, Galilean relativity, and applies it to all laws of physics. As an example of Galilean relativity, if you are sitting still on the sidewalk and I were to move past you (ignoring friction), then from your position on the sidewalk I was moving and from my position, both you and the sidewalk are moving. According to Galileo and Einstein, both these points of view are equally valid. This is only slightly counterintuitive. In ways it may seem philosophical, because we're tempted to use the Earth to give us the frame of reference. Acknowledging that even it is moving through space, rotating along its axis, revolving around the sun, moving out from the center of the expanding universe, we have to discard this notion of the Earth as the definitive frame of reference for motion. Einstein takes this a step further and says that it doesn't matter if you're sitting on the sidewalk, driving by in a car, or hurtling through space in a rocketship going at 9/10 the speed of light, the physical laws of the universe are all the same.
So what? Big deal. It makes sense. Nothing difficult about that. Well, the problem is that it complicates what has been observed in regards to electromagnetic waves.
Several experiments attempted to measure earth's speed relative to a hypothesized medium through which electromagnetic waves travelled. This hypothesized medium, aether, was thought to be an absolute frame of reference. Unlike relativity, it was the only truly valid point of reference, always still, and everything else moved in relation to it. What's wacky is that these experiments ultimately showed a consensus that the speed of light does not change regardless of the motion of the observers.
What's so weird? Well, this has consequences. More on this when I post again.