This is not the case, at least, not to the extent seen in F3. The vast majority of locked doors do not have computer terminals that will unlock them (they may have keys, though). It was somewhat disconcerting after F3 that NV had several quests that required a certain skill to complete. Comprehension helps in those cases.
The vast majority of doors do not have terminals, yes. But they do have keys, ways around, or terminals. Which was my point. Science or exploration. Examples such as the hotel in Primm. There's a back way to the deputy. Door is locked. But there's a terminal that opens another locked door that leads to the key to that door. Or the unique plasma rifle. Which has a key, lock, and terminal, all for the same door.
But there are no quests that I've ever seen that required a certain skill. Maybe a certain skill to complete a particular way (such as the powder ganger vault).
Edit: Well, there's the two companion quests that require speech. But I also mentioned that. Though one of those can be done with Barter.