No, between 3 and 20 solar masses is enough: Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit
The nuclear fusion inside the star stops when the core is iron, because after this it is no longer energy effective: Binding energy curve
First hydrogen is fused to helium, then helium to carbon, then carbon to oxygen, then oxygen to silicon, and silicon to iron. That is the moment where the star cannot longer withstand its gravitational collapse and becomes either a white dwarf, a neutron star or black hole depending on its mass.
Any object can become a black hole if it is compressed to a certain radius. For the Earth, for instance, this is 9 mm.