FIGURED IT OUT, or at least, I have found at least one way to trigger the cutscene.
You have to do something with the guards outside the throneroom first - you either have to unlock the throneroom door (it's locked initially) or unlock the door and engage the guards outside in combat and kill them all. I didn't do sufficient testing to determine at which point exactly the quest is able to be triggered.
What I did - I snuck in through the scriptorium stairs, unlocked the throneroom door, killed the guards outside that door, then went back into the throneroom and killed Raedric. Upon doing that, when I walked back toward the (now open) throneroom door, the cutscene triggered and the quest was resolved. It might be the case that all you have to do is unlock the door without engaging the guards - perhaps the locked door is preventing the cutscene from triggering. I'm not sure.