Hey there!
This happened to me as well, and I think that, also thanks to your comment, I can narrow down the causes.
In my case I was fighting a bee. I believe the issue can be related to trying to switch weapons right before dying. I was using my bow against the bee, then the bee charged against me so I tried to switch to my melee gear (black ant sword and shield). The bow was still physically in my hands, but the melee weapons were already highlighted, and just then, the bee killed me.
Perhaps these weapons were in some kind of limbo between backpack and equipped?
I've sent an email to the Obsidian team with my bug details. Hope they can solve it soon!