Hmm okay well I appreciate your reply. I feel like I must have some other bug then because that definitely isn't consistent in my game. For example when I start the game as a Level 1 Troubadour I start the fight with 3 Phrases. However as soon as I level up and learn the "Gernisc Slew the Beast but Soon Faced its Kin" summon I start combat with 4 Phrases and am able to summon them turn 1 despite their base cost still being 3 Phrases. Once I learned "Oh, But Knock Not on the Door of Urdel and Gurdel" I still started battle with only 4 Phrases being unable to summon them at the start of battle but as soon as I gained level 8 despite not learning any spell with more than a 4 Phrase base cost I started battle with 5 Phrases and could now summon the ogres. This is why I believed it was based on levels.
Similarly on my first Troubadour when I leveled it normally to unlock "The Great Wyrm Flew O'er the Mountains" I would start every fight with only 7 Phrases and could never cast it turn 1 at any point in my game. However, when I started a fresh game and used the console to start at level 20 I began every fight thereafter with 8 Phrases and was able to summon it on the 1st turn.
If it indeed is supposed to work as you say then I would be fine with that since then I have a set factor to work around, however that has not been a consistent aspect of my game so it still leads me to believe that for better or worse I was experiencing some kind of bug. I did manage to finish that playthrough though so for now I'll probably just stick to other classes. Thanks again for your reply!