Same here happened to me but despite of the failed quest, I was able to go Harlow's base and talked to the first NPC (Voelker) you meet after landing and then Harlow. I tested it. Here's what happened:
When talking to Trask, the dialogue does not trigger and you won't progress but you can take him down to get the ring. Afterwards, I returned to Harlow to finish the quest. I was able to talk to Felix on this ship and received the last items. However, there is no objective marker and the quest remained at the botched/failed section.
I should have tried your step about not talking to Ellie. I'll do this in my 2nd playthrough if there will be no patch/fix releasing at that time.
Same here happened to me but despite of the failed quest, I was able to go Harlow's base and talked to the first NPC (Voelker) you meet after landing and then Harlow. I tested it. Here's what happened: When talking to Trask, the dialogue does not trigger and you won't progress but you can take him down to get the ring. Afterwards, I returned to Harlow to finish the quest. I was able to talk to Felix on this ship and received the last items. However, there is no objective marker and the quest remained at the botched/failed section. I should have tried your step about not talking to Ellie. I'll do this in my 2nd playthrough if there will be no patch/fix releasing at that time.